When purchasing an electric stove, you should be prepared for the fact that it will require a huge amount of electricity. This device in comparison with other household devices has the highest power. For this reason, the installation of such a plate requires separate sockets and lines. For houses where there is no gas equipment, and only electric stoves are used, preferential tariffs for electricity are set. So what is the standard power of an electric stove?

An electric stove with two cast-iron heating elements most often has a power of 2000 watts, and a similar device with 4 elements - from 5000 watts. If four camphor plates have an induction heating principle, then the value will start at 10,400 watts. Naturally, the greater the number of heating and other functional elements, the greater the indicator of electricity consumption.

When choosing a device, it is worth remembering that the power of the electric stove also affects the speed of heating the burners.

A separate place among electric stoves is given to devices with induction heating elements. Such equipment has great power and cost. But if used correctly, the energy costs will be less. This is ensured by the fact that:

• heating occurs very rapidly;
• heating turns off automatically when dishes are removed;
• special dishes do not allow heat loss.

Power and Power Consumption

Each owner wants to know how much electricity his device consumes, taking into account its functionality. A conventional electric stove, which has four cast iron burners, consumes an average of about 4 to 8 kilowatts per hour. But this indicator is calculated provided that all burners work together, respectively, if only one is turned on, consumption is significantly reduced.

Every housewife should remember that with proper use electrical appliance   can be substantially save power consumption. Following some rules, this is easy to do:

• so as not to lose excess heat, the diameters of the burner and the pan should match as much as possible;
• the smooth bottom of the cookware improves heat transfer;
• cast iron burners can be turned off a little earlier, as they cool down for a long time, respectively, cooking continues after the shutdown.

Selection of cookware with the same cooking diameter

Also, to achieve maximum savings, you should know the power of individual functional elements of the device. The following are approximate values \u200b\u200bfor this indicator of the main components of the slab:

• ring with a diameter of up to 14.5 cm - 1 kW;
• heating element with a diameter of 18 cm -1.5 kW;
• electric burner with a diameter of 20 cm - 2 kW;
• lighting - 15-20 W;
• TEN on the grill - 1.5 kW;
• TEN from below - 1 kW;
• TEN from above - 0.8 kW;
• spit engine - 6 watts.

It is easy to conclude that the electric stove consumes the most energy when it works large burner, but do not forget that the cooking process on it is accelerated and is much faster.

Energy classes

Each manufacturer tries to increase the competitiveness of its products. Therefore, they strive to minimize energy consumption. Electric stoves, like any appliances, are divided into classes for electricity consumption. The designation is performed in Latin letters from A to G, starting from the highest. Today you can see the following notation: A ++ or A +++. This means that energy consumption is higher than class A.

The class depends on the amount of energy consumed when reaching the set temperatures. Ovens consume the greatest amount of energy, but with improved insulation, which will reduce heat loss, significant savings are achieved.

Network Connectivity Features

When installing an electric stove, it is worth considering its high power, so you must adhere to certain rules. To carry out the installation of such a device, the presence of:

• power outlet 32A;
• an introductory automaton greater than or equal to 32A;
• a three-core copper cable that has double insulation and a cross section of more than 4 square mm;
• RCD not less than 32A.

To not happen overheating of contacts, each element of the wiring must be performed efficiently in compliance with safety precautions and installation instructions.

According to experts, the energy consumption of the stove not only depends on the characteristics of the device itself, but to a greater extent on the conditions of use.

Today, not all regions of our country are gasified, so cooking on an electric stove is very common. When purchasing a product for the consumer, both functionality and energy efficiency of the stove are equally important, since it is the main consumer of electricity in an apartment or private house.

  Economical electric stoves, how to determine their energy consumption

The level of energy consumption of the stove directly depends on its type. Today there are two main types of electric stoves:

• classic, in which surface heating is carried out by conventional tubular energy heaters (heating elements),
• induction, which works by inducing eddy currents created by a high frequency magnetic field (from 20 to 100 kHz).

There are also combined devices in which part of the burners contains heating elements, and part works on an induction principle.

Electric stoves still differ in a number of indicators:

• type of surface material (cast iron pancakes, open spiral or glass ceramics),
• control (touch or mechanical),
• power supply (single-phase or three-phase).

The electric stove is a powerful appliance, each burner consumes 1.5-2 kW / h, the oven - 3-4 kW / h. The current strength reaches 50A. Therefore, before purchasing a stove, make sure that electrical wiring   in the house is able to withstand such a load. In case of doubt, it is better to stretch a separate cable and install a separate outlet with a fuse. Also, a two-tariff electricity meter will not be amiss.

If we compare the devices "classic" and "induction" in terms of electrical consumption, then an induction cooker is more advantageous. Gas is more economical than any electric, but can not always be installed for objective reasons (lack of a nearby gas main to which you can connect or the high cost of connection).

Induction appliances are the future that began today. The principle of their operation allows you to heat not the burner, but directly the bottom of the installed dishes, from which the work surface can already be heated, but usually no more than 60 degrees. Food in such conditions cooks much faster, heat loss tends to a minimum, the glass-ceramic surface does not heat the air in the kitchen.

  Economical cooker, myths and prejudices

Despite the effectiveness of induction devices for cooking, confirmed by research and long-term practice, some people continue to distrust them. There are many different prejudices that raise questions among potential consumers. Let's consider some of them.

• The magnetic field is harmful to health. Stress studies magnetic field   induction electric cookers and ordinary electric guns showed that this indicator for a hair dryer is 90 times higher than for a hob. And this does not prevent women from regularly drying their hair with a hairdryer.
• For an induction cooker, you need to buy special expensive dishes. This is not true, since many old pots (enameled and aluminum) have the ferromagnetic properties necessary for the induction process. To check whether the dishes are suitable for such a stove, you just need to bring the magnet to the bottom of the pan, if the magnet is stuck, then it fits.
• Each metal object on the glass-ceramic surface will be heated. In fact, there are a number of systems that protect against such a development of events, the main principle of which is: "no dishes - no induction."

Therefore, a consumer who is considering which electric stove to buy should understand that at the moment the best electric stoves are induction.

How to calculate the cross section of the wire.
The more water you need to supply, the larger the diameter of the pipe you need, and for current. The larger the current consumption by electrical appliances, the greater should be the cross-section of the wire conductors in the cable.
What is the cross section of wire strands and how to calculate it? If you have a bite of the wire and look at it from the end, you will see the core of the wire, here is the area of \u200b\u200bthe end of this core, that is, the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle is the cross section of the wire. The larger the diameter of the circle, the greater the cross-section of the wire and, therefore, the wire is capable of transmitting a larger current when heated to an acceptable temperature.

Independent choice of wire cross section for electrical wiring

To select the cross section of the cable conductors, you need to analyze the fleet of available electrical household appliances   in terms of their simultaneous use. The table shows a list of popular household electrical appliances   indicating current consumption depending on power. You can find out the power consumption of your models yourself from the labels on the products themselves or passports, often the parameters are indicated on the package.

How to convert watts to kilowatts

For powerful electrical appliances, such as an electric stove or vacuum cleaner, power can be indicated in both kW and kW (in abbreviated form - kW). For light bulbs that consume little power, as a rule, the power consumption is indicated in watts. What is the difference between W and kW? Everything is simple, exactly the same as when designating the weight. Everyone knows the difference in the size of one gram from one kilogram, a kilogram 1000 times more than one gram. Similarly, in electrical engineering. One kilowatt is 1000 times more than one watt. To distinguish between watts and kilowatts at symbol, before the letters W write the letter-prefix "k". As you can see, converting watts to kilowatts and vice versa is quite simple. 1 kW \u003d 1000 W, and 1 W \u003d 0.001 kW.

Table of power consumption and current by household appliances with a supply voltage of 220 V

Current is consumed by a refrigerator, lighting devices, a radiotelephone, charging deviceTV in standby and working condition. But this is not a lot and can not be taken into account in the calculations. If you turn on all of the listed electrical appliances at the same time, you will need to select a wire cross section that can pass a current of 160 A. You will need a finger-thick wire! But such a case is unlikely. It is hard to imagine that someone is capable of simultaneously grinding meat, ironing, vacuuming and drying hair. Although when the family is large, this is possible.

Calculation example. You got up in the morning, turned on the electric kettle, microwave, toaster and coffee maker. The consumed current, respectively, will be 7 A + 8 A + 3 A + 4 A \u003d 22 A. Given the included lighting, a refrigerator and, in addition, for example, a TV, the consumed current can reach 25 A.

Current consumption by electrical appliances from a 220 V network, depending on their power.

In order to determine the total current consumption by all electrical appliances, you need to compile a list of electrical appliances planned for connecting, find out what power each of them consumes individually, and determine the current consumption of each device from the table of dependence of the current consumption on power. Add all the values \u200b\u200bof the consumed currents together, as a result, the total current consumption will be obtained.
You can independently determine the current consumption of any electrical appliance using a simple formula. It is necessary to divide the power consumed by the appliance by the voltage in the network (220 V). For example, power washing machine   according to the passport is 2000 watts. Divide 2000 by 220 and determine that maximum currentthat the washing machine will consume during operation is 9.09 A.
You can determine the total current consumption of all electrical appliances by calculation. It is enough to add together the power consumption of each of them and divide the result by 220.

The current consumption of electrical appliances from the vehicle’s on-board network is 12 V, depending on their power.

When repairing the vehicle’s onboard power supply or installing additional electrical equipment, it is also necessary to select a wire of the required cross section, depending on the power consumption of the electrical equipment. When replacing failed wires, first determine their cross-section and replace them with wires of the same type and cross-section. If the cross section of the new wire is larger than that installed earlier, it will only get better. When installing additional electrical equipment, you need to select the wire cross section depending on the current consumed by the appliance. .
You can independently determine the current consumption of any electrical appliance in a car using a simple formula. It is necessary to divide the power consumed by the appliance by the voltage of the on-board network (12 V). For example, the power of a headlight bulb turned on in high beam, according to the passport is 100 watts. Divide 100 watts by 12 V and determine that the maximum current that one headlight will consume when turned on in high beam mode is 8.4 A.

Table for choosing the cross section of copper and aluminum wires of the electrical wiring, depending on the amount of current consumed

An example of applying the table in practice. Suppose you need to connect a washing machine with a power of 4000 watts, consuming a current of 18 A. The table does not have a column with a current value of 18 A, so we take the data from a neighboring larger value, that is 20 A. For such a load, a wire with a cross section of 3.3 mm2 is suitable (diameter 2.05 mm). From the table below for correspondence of standard cross-sections of wire conductors to their diameters, we select a standard section wire of 4.0 mm2 for connecting the washing machine. When choosing a simple rule, the larger the cross-section of the wire, the better, and therefore you need to round the number up.

If there is a wire of a smaller than necessary cross-section, then you can make the wiring of two or more wires by connecting them in parallel. The main thing is that the sum of the cross sections of each of them be no less than the calculated one. For example, there are three wires with a cross section of 2, 3 and 5 mm2, and 10 mm2 is needed according to calculations. Connect them all in parallel, and the wiring will withstand current up to 50 amperes. Yes, you yourself have repeatedly seen parallel connection   more thin conductors to transmit high currents. For example, a current of up to 150 A is used for welding, and in order for the welder to control the electrode, flexible wire. It is made of hundreds of parallel connected thin copper wires. In a car, the battery is also connected to the on-board network using the same flexible stranded wire, since the starter draws a current of up to 100 A. from the battery during engine start-up. .

The choice of wire cross-section for connecting electrical appliances
to three phase network   380 V
During the operation of electrical appliances, for example, an electric motor, connected to a three-phase network, the consumed current flows not through two wires, but through three and, therefore, the amount of current flowing in each individual wire is slightly less. This allows you to use a smaller wire to connect electrical appliances to a three-phase network.

To connect electrical appliances to a three-phase network with a voltage of 380 V, for example an electric motor, the wire cross section for each phase is taken 1.75 times less than for connecting to a 220 V network. For example, you need to connect a 20 kW electric motor. The total current consumption by an electric motor of such power in three phases will be 52 A. According to the table, it turns out that you need a wire with a cross section of 8.4 mm2, taking into account the above, 8.4 / 1.75 \u003d 4.8 mm2. Therefore, to connect a 20 kW electric motor to a three-phase 380 V network, a three-core copper cable with a cross section of each core of 4.8 mm2 is required.

In long-built houses, wiring is usually made of aluminum wires. And despite the elapsed time, aluminum wiring continues to serve and will work for more than a dozen years. If the connections in the junction boxes are made correctly, the service life of aluminum wiring can be up to one hundred years. After all, aluminum is practically not oxidized, and the service life of the wiring will be determined only by the service life of the plastic insulation and the reliability of the contacts at the points of connection.

In the case of connecting additional energy-intensive electrical appliances in an apartment with aluminum wiring, it is necessary to determine the ability to withstand additional power by the cross-section or diameter of the wires. The table below is easy to do.
If your wiring in the apartment is made of aluminum wires and there is a need to connect the newly installed outlet to junction box   copper wires, then such a connection is performed in accordance with the recommendations of the article Connecting aluminum wires.

About choosing a brand of cable for home wiring
Making apartment wiring from aluminum wires at first glance seems cheaper, but operating costs due to the low reliability of contacts over time will significantly exceed the cost of wiring from copper. I recommend making wiring exclusively from copper wires! Aluminum wires   indispensable when laying aerial electrical wiring, as they are light and cheap and with proper connection   serve reliably for a long time.

And which wire is better to use when installing electrical wiring, single-core or multi-core? In terms of the ability to conduct current per unit section and installation, single core is better. So for home wiring, you need to use only a single-core wire. Stranded allows multiple bends, and the thinner the conductors in it, the more flexible and more durable. therefore stranded wire   They are used to connect non-stationary electrical appliances, such as electric heaters, electric shavers, electric irons, and all others.

After deciding on the cross-section of the wire, the question arises about the brand of cable for electrical wiring. Here the choice is not great and is represented by just a few brands of cables: PUNP, VVGNG and NYM.

PUNP cable since 1990, in accordance with the decision of Glavgosenergonadzor "On the prohibition of the use of wires such as APVN, PPBN, PEN, PUNP, etc., manufactured according to TU 16-505. 610-74 instead of APV, APPV, PV and PPV wires according to GOST 6323-79 * ”it is forbidden to use.

VVG and VVGng cable - copper wires   in double polyvinyl chloride insulation, flat shape. Designed for operation at an ambient temperature of −50 ° С to + 50 ° С, for wiring inside buildings, outdoors, in the ground when laying in tubes. Service life is up to 30 years. The letters "ng" in the brand designation indicate the incombustibility of the insulation of the wire. Two-, three- and four-core with a cross section of conductors from 1.5 to 35.0 mm2 are available. If the letter A in the cable designation is before VVG (AVVG), then the conductors in the wire are aluminum.

NYM cable (its Russian counterpart is vVG cable), with copper conductors, round in shape, with non-combustible insulation, complies with German standard VDE 0250. Specifications and the scope is almost the same with the VVG cable. Two-, three- and four-core are produced with a cross section of conductors from 1.5 to 4.0 mm2.

As you can see, the choice for wiring is not large and is determined depending on what form the cable is more suitable for installation, round or flat. A round cable is more conveniently laid through the walls, especially if you are entering from the street into the room. You will need to drill a hole slightly larger than the diameter of the cable, and with a larger wall thickness this becomes relevant. For internal wiring, it is more convenient to use a flat cable VVG.

Many families use electric stoves in their kitchens. This is convenient for some, some are afraid to use gas, but for most it is a necessary necessity, due to the lack of gas. Let's figure out how much electricity does the electric stove consume?

The choice of electric stoves is huge today and it is constantly updated with new models from many manufacturers. There are one, two, three and four hotplate tiles. There are more, but this is more an exclusive than an affordable choice. The technology of electric stoves today also does not stand still and are constantly being improved! Therefore, we will not focus on certain technologies or models of electric stoves, this makes no sense. Moreover, any electric stove that works on any technology, regardless of model and manufacturer, consumes a lot of electricity! Consumption is calculated in several kW per hour! On average, one burner consumes about 1.5 kW of electricity per hour of operation. An electric oven consumes an average of about 3-4 kW of electricity per hour. Not all of our networks will be able to withstand such a load, so in most cases a separate outlet with a separate fuse is pulled for the electric stove. In terms of voltage, electric stoves can be powered from 220 Volts as well as from 380 V. It should be noted that it is not recommended to include several burners at once in order to avoid overloading electric networks - it is better not to use more than 2 burners or a separate oven at the same time.

After some calculations, we can conclude that no electric stove is suitable, since they are all serious energy consumers. An electric stove can only be considered if there is no gas in your house. In this case, you must be standing in your house !! Of course, all this is relevant only if you know how to count your money.

Our modern society cannot imagine its life without electricity. It is deeply rooted in the daily and industrial life of a person of the twenty-first century.

Electricity is used not only for lighting streets, residential buildings and other premises. Today, electricity is needed to power a telephone, computer, TV and many more household appliances in our homes, which greatly simplify the life of a modern person.

Many homeowners use electricity for heating, although this is not the cheapest type of heating, but it is quite reliable and easy to operate.

Like people in the past, modern society cannot exist without electricity. Every year, scientists are developing ever new technologies that need power. Of course, today electric current is used more widely than before. But after several decades, its consumption will increase several times. So, for example, if 10 years ago, 1.5 to 2 kW of electricity was enough for a house or apartment, today this figure has grown to 15 kW, almost 10 times.

Let's try to figure out how many kilowatts are needed for the house at present.

Household electricity consumers

In the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 334 "On improving the procedure for technical connection of consumers to electrical networks"Dated April 21, 2009, it is said that a private person can connect up to 15 kW to his house. Based on this figure, we will do the calculation, but how many kilowatts are enough for the house. To carry out the calculation, you need to know how much electricity each electric device in the house consumes.

The capacity table of household appliances shows approximate figures for electricity consumption. Energy consumption depends on the power of the devices and their frequency of use.

Electrical appliance	Power consumption, W
Appliances
Electric kettle	900-2200
Coffee machine	1000-1200
Toaster	700-1500
Dishwasher	1800–2750
Electric stove	1900–4500
Microwave	800–1200
Electric meat grinder	700–1500
Refrigerator	300–800
Radio	20–50
TV	70–350
Music Center	200–500
A computer	300–600
Oven	1100–2500
Electric lamp	10–150
Iron	700–1700
Air purifier	50–300
Heaters	1000–2500
Vacuum cleaner	500–2100
Boiler	1100–2000
Instantaneous water heater	4000–6500
Hair dryer	500–2100
Washing machine	1800–2700
Air conditioning	1400–3100
Fan	20–200
Power tools
Drill	500–1800
Hammer drill	700–2200
Circular saw	700–1900
Electric plane	500– 900
Electric jigsaw	350– 750
Grinding machine	900–2200
A circular saw	850–1600

Let's make a small calculation based on the table of power consumption of household appliances. For example, in our house there will be a minimum set of electrical appliances: lighting (150 W), refrigerator (500 W), microwave (1000 W), washing machine (2000 W), TV (200 W), computer (500 W), iron (1200 W), vacuum cleaner (1200 W), dishwasher (2000 W). In total, these devices will consume 8750 W, and given the fact that these devices will never turn on at once, the received power can be divided in half.

Main consumers electric current   in homes, there are lighting, cooking, heating and hot water.

In the cold season, it is important to pay attention to. Electric heating in the house can be of several types:

• water (batteries and boiler);
• purely electric (convector, floor heating);
• combined (heated floor, batteries and boiler).

Let's look at options for electric heating and energy consumption.

1. Heating with a boiler. If you plan to install an electric boiler, then the choice should fall on a three-phase boiler. The boiler system equally divides the electrical load into phases. Manufacturers produce boilers with different capacities. To choose it correctly, a simplified calculation can be made, the area of \u200b\u200bthe house should be divided by 10. For example, if the house has an area of \u200b\u200b120 m2, then a boiler with a capacity of 12 kW will be needed for heating. To save on electricity, you need to establish a two-tariff regime for the use of electricity. Then at night the boiler will operate at an economical rate. Also, in addition to the electric boiler, it is necessary to establish, which at night will accumulate warm water, and in the daytime to distribute to heating devices.
2. Convector heating. As a rule, convectors are installed under windows and connected directly to a wall outlet. Their number should correspond to the presence of windows in the room. Experts recommend calculating the total amount for the power consumption of all heating devices and equally distribute it across all three phases. For example, you can connect the heating of one floor to the first. To another phase, the entire second floor. To the third phase, add a kitchen and a bathroom. Today, convectors have advanced functions. So you can set the desired temperature and select the time for heating. To save money, you can set the time and date of operation of the convector. The device has the “multi-tariff” option, which includes a heater, at the required power or at a reduced rate (after 23–00 and up to 8–00). The energy calculation for convectors is similar to the boiler in the previous paragraph.
3. Underfloor heating. A very convenient heating option, as it is possible to set the desired temperature for each room. In the place of installation of furniture, a refrigerator, as well as a bathroom, it is not recommended to install a warm floor. As calculations show, a house of 90 m2 with an installed convector and floor heating, on one floor, consumes from 5.5 to 9 kW of electricity.

Today, there are many options for saving energy. These methods are quite simple, but to work they need to be applied every day. Reducing energy consumption will not only save the family budget, but also reduce environmental emissions.

Simple and time-tested savings methods

1. Application energy saving light bulbs. Such lamps practically do not heat up, so the cost of electricity goes only to lighting. On average, the life of such lamps is up to 3 years, and this will significantly save costs. Such lamps consume 5 times less electricity, their service life is 10 times longer and pay off after 1 year.
2. Using household appliances, it is important to adhere to the instructions. Take for example a refrigerator. It can not be placed near a stove or battery, since the device will need to work without interruption in order to maintain the required temperature. The same applies when hot food is being served. It is important not to forget to defrost the refrigerator in a timely manner, since ice in the freezer contributes to high energy costs (up to 20%).
3. When leaving the room, do not forget to turn off the lights. Such advice is the most effective way   energy saving.
4. Wipe the bulbs in a timely manner. At first glance, such advice seems ridiculous. But few people know that dust can drown up to 15% of the light. It is important not to forget about the cleanliness of the lights. You can use lamps of lower power.
5. Make a small redecoration in the room. Choosing a wallpaper, you should pay attention to light shades, as they are able to 80% make the room brighter and more comfortable. Do not forget about the ceiling, it should be made white. Thus, you will be less likely to turn on lighting.
6. The use of heat-reflecting screens. They are made of foil or penofol. They should be installed behind the battery. Thanks to such screens, the temperature in the room can be raised by several degrees.
7. Warming of the room. It is necessary to insulate the windows or replace them with metal-plastic ones. Heat can be lost through windows up to 30%. Blackout curtains should be hung on the windows. If possible, you need to insulate the entrance doors, and in the house walls, floors, floors and roofing.
8. The purchase of household appliances of class “A”, “A +” and “A ++” can save up to 50% of electricity.
9. It is not recommended to leave the devices in standby mode. Any technique, a person uses only a few hours, during the day. For the rest of the time, it is in the "standby" mode and gradually absorbs electricity. To save money, you should turn off the devices from the network.

And so, we already know how many kilowatts are needed for the house. Let's summarize. From the above it follows that if the energy is used economically, then we can well invest in 15 kW, and for a small house it’s enough even for heating. Then the whole family will feel comfortable in its cozy nest.